Yen Xa Communal House located in Dinh hamlet, the center of the village. The communal house worships Linh Lang Dai Vuong. This is a deity worshipped at Voi Phuc Temple, the western guard of the Thang Long capital, and in many other places.
Legend has it that Linh Lang was the fourth son of King Ly Thanh Tong; his mother was Cao Nuong, originally from Bong Lai village, Tu Liem district (now Dan Phuong district), residing at Thi Trai (Trai Cho). Although she was a palace concubine, she still lived in her own house. Once Cao Nuong went bathing in West Lake and was coiled around by a dragon; afterward she became pregnant and gave birth to Linh Lang. Linh Lang stayed with his mother. When the Song army invaded, King Ly sent envoys to seek worthy men. Linh Lang then asked his father the king to grant him an elephant and a red flag with a ten-truong-long pole. The king agreed; Linh Lang set out to fight the enemy and won a great victory. The king wanted to abdicate, but Linh Lang refused and returned to live at Thi Trai. Not long afterward Linh Lang fell ill and died, transforming into a dragon and going down into West Lake. The king ordered a temple built and commanded the people of the region to make offerings, so Thi Trai was renamed Thu Le (meaning to keep the offering ritual).
Recently, historians have studied and concluded that Linh Lang is a deified image of a real person. That is Prince Hoang Chan, who fought the Song invaders on the Nhu Nguyet River and sacrificed his life together with another prince named Chieu Van.
Legend also tells that before passing away, Prince Linh Lang asked his father the king to release his battle flag into the sky; wherever the flag flew over, a temple to Linh Lang was established there. Linh Lang's battle flag flew over many places; all those places established temples to Linh Lang Dai Vuong, and Yen Xa is one of them.
According to the genealogy of Yen Xa Communal House, the communal house was built after Thuong Temple (Shrine). Yen Xa Communal House was first built in the center of the village, initially made of bamboo and thatched with leaves. At the beginning of the 17th century, the communal house was built at its present location, on the highest land in the village.
The communal house architecture consists of a five-bay Dai Bai (main hall), two-bay Hau Cung (rear sanctuary), and Ta Mac and Huu Mac (left and right wings). In the Ta Mac house there is a stone stele recording the event that a Tay Son army unit, on its way to Thang Long, defeated the Qing army and camped at Yen Xa Communal House.
In the rear sanctuary are a long throne and a box of royal edicts. In the main hall are ritual vessels. Yen Xa Communal House formerly had many brilliantly lacquered and gilded couplets. Among them was a pair of couplets:
The vein leads to West Lake, sharing the vital energy
The branch follows the Nhue water, brave waves surge.
Meaning:
The sacred energy comes to gather at West Lake
Flowing with the Nhue current, waves roll and surge
In December 1972, the United States dropped a series of bombs that destroyed the main hall and damaged the communal house area, killing three ancient muom trees.
Later, with financial support from higher authorities and contributions from the villagers, the communal house was rebuilt close to its old architecture. However, in front of the main hall a 16-column, 8-roof square pavilion with upturned curved corners was added, and a pair of elephants was placed at the communal house gate. The villagers also had a wooden statue of the tutelary deity carved and placed on the long throne in the rear sanctuary, completely changing the old traditional arrangement.
In 1990, Yen Xa Communal House was recognized and ranked by the Ministry of Culture and Information as a historical-cultural relic complex.
Yen Xa Temple, also called Thuong Temple or Shrine, was built on a plot of land in the northeast of the village. Legend has it that this was the place chosen by Linh Lang to train his troops, because it was originally an inlet of the Nhue River (this inlet stretched from Yen Phuc through Yen Xa and around to Van Quan; over time it was silted up, but today there are still ponds and fields winding through all three villages.
In its early days, Thuong Yen Xa Temple was called Mieu (Shrine); at first the saint was worshipped on an earthen platform, later in a structure made of thatch, bamboo, and wood. In the Tu Duc year 24, Tan Mui (1871), the temple was completely rebuilt and has been preserved to this day.
Thuong Yen Xa Temple has a mallet-shaped plan: five bays of the main hall and one bay of the rear sanctuary. The temple formerly faced the lotus pond (formerly an inlet of the Nhue River); in front of the temple was the mandarin road. Later the local mandarin had the temple turned to its present orientation.
In the temple's rear sanctuary there is a long throne worshipping Linh Lang Dai Vuong, along with many horizontal plaques and couplets. In the temple area, near the ancient banyan tree, there is an altar to Than Nong. Southwest of the temple is the Tho Lao altar, worshipping the predecessors who rendered merit to the villagers.
Yen Xa Pagoda has the Sino-Vietnamese name "Thanh An Tu"
According to the elders in the village, Thanh An Pagoda was built in the Ly dynasty and was restored after the "Hoang Mac" dike breach (the name Thanh An implies that the pagoda belongs to An Xa village in Thanh Oai district).
Thanh An Pagoda is located on a large plot of land in the northwest of the village. Its imposing three-entrance gate stands out in front of the canopy of ancient trees, creating a tranquil scene.
Thanh An Pagoda has a mallet-shaped architecture; its front hall is five bays wide, and its rear hall is five bays deep and connects to the central bay of the front hall, creating spatial depth for the Three Jewels. The system of Buddha statues is small in size and finely crafted, suited to the pagoda's architectural space. The front hall has closed gable ends at both ends and is attached with ancient steles and stone statues, demonstrating the skillful stone-carving art of the ancients.
Thanh An Pagoda in Yen Xa was also for many years a base for sheltering officials and guerrillas of Ha Dong town and Tan Trieu commune during the resistance war against the French, and the pagoda was awarded the First-Class Resistance Medal by the State.
Van Chi of Yen Xa Village: Van Chi was established in 1860 on a square high mound, with a "dragon vein" behind it. Van Chi has built walls and a gate. Inside there are three altars: the central altar worships Confucius, the right altar worships village predecessors who achieved high examination results, and the left altar worships former dignitaries.
In the past, before examinations, candidates came to Van Chi to make offerings and pray for high success. Yen Xa Van Chi was founded by Mr. Truong Quan Y, a Pho Bang laureate, a rare undertaking in the region.
Yen Xa Village is an ancient village closely associated with the nation's history of resistance against foreign invasion; it early formed a spiritual cultural life and worships national heroes and people who rendered service to the people and the country. The communal house, temples, pagoda, and shrines are places of belief that have formed valuable complexes of historical-cultural relics and artistic architecture, recognized by the Ministry of Culture and Information.
Yen Xa Village Festival: Yen Xa Village Festival takes place from the 9th to the 12th day of the first lunar month every year at Yen Xa Communal House. The festival aims to commemorate the merits of Saint Linh Lang Dai Vuong, the village tutelary god, who blessed favorable weather and good harvests.
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