Story
011. Historical events and figures
Kiều Phú is an ancient Vietnamese village dating from long ago. Along with settlement and village formation, its religious system was formed early, and many architectural works were built to meet the religious and spiritual needs of the village community while preserving the nation's traditional cultural values. Since ancient times, the image of the banyan tree, water well, and communal-house yard has been familiar and indispensable in ancient Vietnamese villages in the northern delta. In each village in Kiều Phú Commune today, a system of historical and cultural relics typical of the Đoài region is still preserved, such as Ngọc Bài communal house, Ngọc Bài shrine, Đồng Bụt pagoda, Ngọc Phúc pagoda, and Liệp Mai communal house and shrine, which have been ranked by the State. Almost every village has cultural institutions such as communal houses, temples, and pagodas to meet the local people's spiritual needs. Communal houses and shrines are built to worship village tutelary deities, while pagodas worship Buddha.
Based on stories told by elderly villagers, one royal edict dated the ninth year of Khải Định (1924), a deity genealogy, and two Hán-character books preserved at the site, Đỗng Linh Temple is a place of worship for Mother Duệ Sơn Thần Tổ Thuật Princess, a revered deity, and Mai Hoa Thị Nữ and Quế Hoa Thị Nữ. The legend of Mother Duệ Sơn Thần Tổ Thuật Princess is associated with the legend of Princess Liễu Hạnh, daughter of the Jade Emperor, who descended to earth three times. In her second incarnation, she transformed into Thổ Lĩnh Princess, and Mother Duệ Sơn Tổ Thuật Princess is another name for her in that incarnation.
In the Mother Goddess worship beliefs of the Vietnamese, any Mother Goddess temple is a place of worship for the mother of nature, the mother of rivers and mountains, and the mother of forests. Folk legends and mythical histories record that:
At that time, in An Hải Village, Vân Cát Commune, Thiên Bản District, Sơn Nam Hạ Guard, now in Vụ Bản District, Nam Định Province, there was a couple, Mr. Lê Thái Công and his wife, who lived virtuously and often did good deeds. They already had a son. In the Diên Hựu era, during the reign of King Lê Anh Tông, his wife was pregnant beyond her due date but showed no signs of labor, and ate nothing, only liking fragrant flowers. The family made offerings repeatedly without success. Lê Thái Công dreamed that he was taken to Heaven. There he attended a great banquet hosted by the Jade Emperor. He saw Princess Quỳnh Nương accidentally drop a jade cup and therefore be exiled to the mortal world to be reborn as the daughter of Lê Thái Công in Vân Cát Commune, named Giáng Tiên.
When she grew up, Giáng Tiên was exceptionally beautiful and skilled in poetry, music, chess, and painting. At 18, she married Đào Lang, the adopted son of a retired official in the same village. Three years later, on the third day of the third lunar month, Giáng Tiên suddenly passed away; people said she was a fairy returning to the upper world. The Jade Emperor understood and changed her name to Liễu Hạnh and sent her back to the mortal realm.
The Fairy Princess traveled everywhere, especially in Lạng Sơn. She often visited scenic places in the capital, met envoys on the road, and composed poems with Phùng Khắc Khoan. The Fairy Princess often appeared at West Lake, drinking and composing with famous people surnamed Ngô and Lý. Mortals admired the Princess's mysterious and lofty poetic talent. After that, the Fairy Princess left West Lake and wandered to places such as Sóc Village and Nghệ An. Legend says that at that time the Fairy Princess appeared as a woman who descended to earth and married a scholar who was the reincarnation of Đào Lang from earlier. After a few years, the Fairy Princess returned to heaven.
In heaven she could not forget the mortal world, so she asked the Jade Emperor to let her be born again. This time the Fairy Princess brought Quỳnh Hoa and Quế Hoa down to the Cát area. She manifested her power. Good people received prosperity; evil people suffered misfortune. The people built a temple to worship her. At that time, King Lê Huyền Tông considered her a demon and invited Vũ Lâm and magicians to exorcise her. The Princess's temple was destroyed. Later, an epidemic broke out in the whole village, and the people believed it was punishment by the Fairy Princess, so they reported to the king and rebuilt the temple. The king agreed and bestowed on her the title Mã Hoàng Princess. The Fairy Princess also followed armies in spirit to help suppress rebels. The court increased her title to Chế Thắng Hoá diệu Đại Vương.
This third descent left legends in many regions through which the Fairy Princess passed, recording her deeds and her fierce struggle to prevent evil. The great battle at Sòng Sơn, with the help of Guanyin Buddha, destroyed the Đạo tràng, is one proof.
Princess Liễu Hạnh, also called Lady Liễu, Mother Sòng, Mother of Phủ Giày, are names honored by the people in the historical context of that time. With civil war, a divided country, and suffering people, the appearance of the Mother figure in folk beliefs symbolized the aspiration for human liberation and women's liberation toward equality; on the other hand, in folk consciousness, the Mother had the power to bestow blessings on people or immediately bring misfortune and expel evil. This is a distinctive feature of Mother Goddess worship in Vietnam.
In the indigenous belief consciousness of the Vietnamese, the Mother figure symbolizes the compassionate mother who protects her children with tolerance and generosity. The presence of the Three Holy Mothers at Thiện Temple expresses the prayer that the mother of nature, the mother of rivers and mountains, and the mother of forests will help all people be strong and prosperous.
In addition, Đỗng Linh Temple also worships two female attendants, Mai Hoa Thị Nữ and Quế Hoa Thị Nữ. Two brave girls secretly went to Lạng Sơn to gather information about the Qing enemy and supply our troops; they operated secretly and were loved by the people. During their mission, they were discovered by the enemy, tortured, and their bodies thrown into a stream. The bodies drifted to the village, where everyone had loved them. After they died, the villagers built a shrine to worship them in memory. From then on, the people prospered, crops were abundant, and people believed the two girls had manifested to protect them. The good news spread, and the shrine was gradually repaired and expanded into Đỗng Linh Temple, attracting many visitors.


